Ukuhlukaniswa kwephepha nesingeniso sephepha likathayela

Ukuhlukaniswa kwephepha

Iphepha lingahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezilandelayo ngokusekelwe kumingcele eminingi.

Ngokusekelwe ebangeni: Iphepha lokuqala elicutshunguliwe eliphuma ku-pulp yokhuni eluhlaza libizwa ngokuthivirgin papernomavirgin grade paper.Iphepha eligaywe kabushayiphepha elitholakala ngemva kokucutshungulwa kabusha kwephepha elimsulwa, iphepha eligaywe kabusha ngokwalo noma inhlanganisela yalo.

Ngokusekelwe kubushelelezi kanye nokwelashwa okunikezwa i-pulp nephepha, ihlukaniswe kabanzi izigaba ezimbili: Amaphepha asetshenziselwa ukuphrinta, ukulebula, ukubhala, izincwadi njll.iphepha elihle, kanye nephepha elisetshenziswa ekufakweni kwezinto zokudla okwenziwa nge-pulp engaxutshiwe kubizwa ngokuthiiphepha elimahhadla.

Ngokusho kweFood Safety kanye ne-Standard Authority of India (FSSAI), izinto zokupakisha zebanga le-virgin kuphela okufanele zisetshenziselwe ukuxhumana okuqondile kokudla (FSSR).2011).Iphepha lokupakishwa kokudla lingahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezimbili ezibanzi (1) ngokusekelwe ku-pulp noma ukwelashwa kwephepha (2) ngokusekelwe ekubunjweni nasekuhlanganisweni kwezinto ezihlukahlukene.Ukwelashwa kwe-wood pulp kuthinta izakhiwo zephepha nokusetshenziswa kwayo kakhulu.Isigaba esilandelayo sidingida ngezinhlobo ezahlukene zephepha ezisuselwe ekwelashweni kwe-pulp kanye nephepha kanye nokusetshenziswa kwazo emaphaketheni okudla.

 

I-fibreboard ehlanganisiwe(CFB)

Impahla eluhlaza ye-CFB ngokuyinhloko i-kraft paper nokho i-agave bagasse, imikhiqizo evela embonini ye-tequila nayo isetshenziselwe ukukhiqizwa kwe-fibreboard (Iñiguez-Covarrubias et al.2001).I-fibreboard enziwe uthayela ngokuvamile iqukethe izendlalelo ezimbili noma ngaphezulu zephepha le-kraft eliyisicaba (umugqa) futhi izingqimba zezinto zikathayela (umtshingo) zihlanganiswe phakathi kwezingqimba eziyisicaba ukuze zinikeze umphumela wokugoba kanye nokumelana nokuhuzuka.Izinto ezishibilikayo zakhiwa kusetshenziswa i-corrugator ebandakanya ukudlula kwephepha le-kraft eliyisicaba phakathi kwama-roller amabili ane-serrated, kulandelwa ukusetshenziswa kwe-adhesive ezihlokweni zika-corrugator kanye nomugqa onamathele entweni eboshiwe usebenzisa ingcindezi (Kirwan2005).Uma inolayini owodwa kuphela, iwudonga olulodwa;uma kulayini nhlangothi zombili kune-ply emithathu noma ubuso obuphindwe kabili nokunye.Ngokusho kwe-Bureau of Indian Standards (IS 2771(1) 1990), A (Ebanzi), B (Narrow), C (Medium) kanye no-E (Micro) izinhlobo zomtshingo zazichaziwe.Uhlobo lwemitshingo lusetshenziswa lapho izici zokugudluza zibaluleke kakhulu, uhlobo B lunamandla kuno-A no-C, C luwukuthonywa kwezakhiwo phakathi kuka-A no-B kanye no-E kulula kakhulu ukusonga ngokuphrinteka okungcono kakhulu (IS:SP-7 NBC2016).Ukupakishwa kokudla kusebenzisa amaphesenti angamashumi amathathu nambili ebhodi likathayela eliphelele emazweni ase-Europe kanye namaphesenti angamashumi amane uma ingxenye yokupakishwa kwesiphuzo nayo ifakiwe (Kirwan2005).Isetshenziswa endaweni ethintana ngqo nokudla ikakhulukazi izithelo nemifino, lapho wonke amamaki ephepha elilahlwayo angasetshenziswa njengezingqimba zangaphakathi kodwa isidingo esishiwo ezingeni le-pentachlorophenol (PCP), i-phthalate ne-benzophenone kwakufanele sigcwaliseke.

Amakhathoni e-CFB asekelwe egumbini ngokuvamile asetshenziselwa amaphakethe amaningi ezinkomishi ze-yoghurt ze-polystyrene.Inyama, inhlanzi, i-pizza, ama-burgers, ukudla okusheshayo, isinkwa, izinkukhu nama-French fries kungapakishwa kuma-fibreboards (Begley et al.2005).Izithelo nemifino nakho kungapakishwa ukuze kuhanjiswe ezimakethe nsuku zonke.


Isikhathi sokuthumela: Dec-16-2021